mRNA vaccines take on immune tolerance

Mucosal Tolerance a Barrier? Perspectives on Mucosal Vaccines: Is

Better influenza vaccines for older people: what will it take?

Of all infectious diseases, influenza is foremost in its association with an agerelated increase in serious consequences leading to hospitalization, debilitating complications, and death. Current influenza vaccines are both effective [1] and cost saving [2]; however, in spite of widespread influenza vaccination programs, rates of hospitalization for acute respiratory illnesses and cardiovascula...

Immune cells take in unknown enemies

he only confirmed mechanism for protein-mediated membrane fusion involves the formation of helix bundles, in which helices attached to two membranes pack against one another to draw together the membranes. In the final fused state, six-helix bundles are formed by HIV Env and paramyxovirus F proteins, members of the class I group of viral fusion proteins. Although the class I founding member, in...

Immune peptide enhancement of peptide based vaccines.

Vaccines optimize the presentation of an immunogen to the immune system, oftentimes enhancing or replacing the natural activators of antigen presenting cells in order to promote the delivery and the response of T and B lymphocytes to the immunogen. The purpose of this series is to describe new technologies which allow vaccine design, based on our understanding of the immune response, using diff...

Immune responses to pertussis vaccines and disease.

In this article we discuss the following: (1) acellular vaccines are immunogenic, but responses vary by vaccine; (2) pertussis antibody levels rapidly wane but promptly increase after vaccination; (3) whole-cell vaccines vary in immunogenicity and efficacy; (4) whole-cell vaccines and naturally occurring pertussis generate predominantly T-helper 1 (Th1) responses, whereas acellular vaccines gen...